By Dr. Gabriel Akinremi
In today’s world, digital transformation is no longer a luxury; it is a necessity. Across the globe, governments are leveraging technology to deliver social protection more efficiently, transparently, and inclusively. Nigeria has taken bold steps in this direction with the expansion of the National Social Register and the push toward a Digital Social Registry. Yet, as we celebrate these milestones, we must confront a sobering reality: rural Nigeria risks being left behind.
The digital divide, the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technologies and those who do not, is stark in Nigeria. Urban centres like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt are rapidly embracing digital innovation, while rural communities remain constrained by poor connectivity, limited infrastructure, and low digital literacy. If digital transformation in social protection is to succeed, it must be inclusive. It must reach the farmer in Zamfara, the widow in Ebonyi, and the child in Borno.
Digital transformation in social protection offers immense promise. By digitizing registries, linking them to national identity systems, and integrating them with digital payment platforms, Nigeria can ensure that vulnerable households receive timely and targeted support. Fraud and duplication can be reduced, transparency enhanced, and efficiency improved.
Imagine a system where a rural household is digitally identified, enrolled in a cash transfer programme, and receives funds directly into a mobile wallet. Imagine a mother in a remote village accessing subsidised healthcare because her digital identity is linked to the national health insurance scheme. These are not distant dreams; they are achievable realities if we bridge the digital divide.
Although Rural Nigeria faces unique challenges that make digital transformation difficult, connectivity remains a significant barrier. Many rural communities lack reliable internet access, and even mobile network coverage is patchy. Electricity supply is inconsistent, making it difficult to power devices or maintain digital infrastructure.
Digital literacy is another hurdle. While urban populations are increasingly comfortable with smartphones, apps, and online platforms, many rural residents have limited exposure to digital tools. For them, the idea of registering online or receiving payments through mobile platforms can be intimidating.
Socioeconomic factors compound these challenges. Poverty levels are higher in rural areas, limiting the ability of households to purchase smartphones or data plans. Gender disparities also play a role, with women in rural communities often having less access to digital tools than men.
Leaving rural Nigeria behind in digital transformation is not just unjust; it is counterproductive. Rural communities represent a significant portion of Nigeria’s population. They are home to millions of vulnerable households who stand to benefit most from social protection programmes. If digital systems exclude them, the very purpose of social protection is undermined.
Moreover, exclusion can deepen inequality. Urban populations will continue to benefit from digital innovation, while rural households remain trapped in cycles of poverty. This urban-rural divide can fuel social tensions and weaken national cohesion.
Inclusive digital transformation is therefore not optional; it is essential. It is the only way to ensure that social protection reaches every Nigerian, regardless of geography.
So how do we ensure that rural Nigeria is not left behind? Several strategies can make digital transformation more inclusive
Government and private sector must invest in expanding broadband and mobile network coverage to rural areas. Innovative solutions such as community networks, satellite internet, and solar-powered base stations can help overcome infrastructural challenges. Public-private partnerships will be key to financing and sustaining these initiatives.
Digital literacy programmes must be rolled out in rural communities. These can be delivered through schools, community centers, and local NGOs. Training should be practical, focusing on how to use mobile phones, access digital services, and protect personal data. Women and youth should be prioritized to ensure inclusivity.
Mobile phones are the most accessible digital tools in rural Nigeria. Social protection programmes should be designed to work seamlessly with mobile platforms. Mobile wallets, USSD codes, and SMS-based services can enable households to access benefits without needing smartphones or internet access.
Trust is critical. Rural households must believe that digital systems are designed to serve them. Clear communication, transparency, and visible results will build confidence. Data protection laws must be enforced to reassure citizens that their information is safe.
Local governments, traditional leaders, and community-based organizations must be involved in designing and implementing digital social protection programmes. Their participation will ensure that initiatives reflect local realities and gain community acceptance.
Policies must explicitly prioritize rural inclusion. Targets should be set for rural connectivity, digital literacy, and enrolment in digital social protection programmes. Monitoring and evaluation frameworks should track progress and identify gaps.
Therefore, the Nigerian government can learn from countries that have successfully bridged the digital divide in social protection. India’s Aadhaar system, for example, has enrolled over a billion citizens, including rural populations, by leveraging mobile technology and community outreach. Kenya’s M-Pesa has revolutionised financial inclusion by enabling mobile payments in rural areas.
These examples show that with the right policies, investments, and partnerships, rural inclusion is possible. Nigeria must adapt these lessons to its unique context, ensuring that solutions are culturally appropriate and locally sustainable.
Innovation will be critical in bridging the digital divide. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence can help identify vulnerable households more accurately. Blockchain can enhance transparency in cash transfers. Solar-powered devices can overcome electricity challenges.
Nigeria’s vibrant tech ecosystem has the capacity to develop solutions tailored to rural realities. Startups, universities, and research institutions should be encouraged to innovate in the field of digital social protection.
Digital transformation in social protection is Nigeria’s opportunity to build a more inclusive and equitable society. But this opportunity will be squandered if rural Nigeria is left behind. The farmer in Zamfara, the widow in Ebonyi, and the alumajiri child in Borno must be at the centre of our digital agenda.
Bridging the digital divide requires investment, innovation, and inclusive policies. It requires partnerships between the government, the private sector, civil society, and local communities. Most importantly, it requires a commitment to justice a recognition that every Nigerian, regardless of geography, deserves access to social protection.
Nigeria’s future depends on how we manage this transition. If we succeed, digital transformation will not only modernise our social protection systems; it will empower millions of vulnerable households, strengthen national cohesion, and drive inclusive growth. If we fail, the digital divide will deepen inequality and undermine our development goals.
The choice is ours. Our government needs to ensure inclusion. Let us ensure that rural Nigeria is not left behind.
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