By Maryam Aminu
Chairman of the Code of Conduct Tribunal, Hon. Justice M. N. Umaru Kogo, has called on Nigerians to reflect deeply on the country’s historical journey, democratic development and continuing responsibility to build a united and progressive nation.
Kogo made the call while delivering a keynote address titled “Nigeria’s Nationhood: How Far So Far?” at an event in Abuja marking the presentation of Nigeria Democratic Journey: Struggles, Sacrifices and National Development from Pre-Colonial Era to the Present.
The Tribunal Chairman said Nigeria’s story could not be properly understood by looking only at the 66 years since independence, stressing the need to examine the historical experiences, indigenous systems of governance, colonial encounters and political developments that shaped the country.
According to him, Nigeria’s nationhood evolved from a complex history involving different kingdoms, empires, cultures, religions and systems of governance before the emergence of the modern Nigerian state.
He traced the country’s historical development through pre-colonial societies, the spread of Islam and Christianity, the colonial period, the amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria in 1914 and the eventual struggle for independence.

Kogo also reflected on the different developmental trajectories of the Northern and Southern parts of the country, particularly in relation to Western education, traditional institutions and the influence of trans-Saharan trade and Christian missionary activities.
He said Nigeria’s diversity made unity, peaceful coexistence and respect for differences essential to the survival and progress of the country.
The Chairman further examined Nigeria’s transition from colonial rule to independence, highlighting the political choices and leadership considerations that shaped the emergence of the First Republic.
He recalled the contributions of nationalist leaders including Sir Ahmadu Bello, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe and Chief Obafemi Awolowo, while reflecting on the political circumstances surrounding the choice of leadership at independence.
Kogo argued that Nigeria’s early political leaders were confronted with the difficult task of managing a country characterised by significant ethnic, religious, regional and cultural differences.
He also raised questions about the character of Nigeria’s contemporary democracy, urging Nigerians to examine whether the principles of national interest, integrity, cohesion and responsible leadership that informed earlier political discussions remain sufficiently reflected in the country’s democratic practice.
He said the journey of nation-building should not be viewed merely as a contest for political power, but as a continuing responsibility to protect national unity and promote development.
In his welcome address, the convener, Idakwo Oruma Ishiaka, said the publication of Nigeria Democratic Journey formed part of a broader effort to encourage Nigerians to understand their history and take greater responsibility for the country’s future.

He said the book was intended to document important experiences, struggles and sacrifices in Nigeria’s democratic journey while stimulating conversations about where the country had come from, where it was presently and the responsibilities that lay ahead.
Ishiaka also encouraged Nigerians to serve their communities and the country at large, stressing the importance of responsible citizenship and collective contribution to national development.
He expressed appreciation to the keynote speaker, Hon. Justice M. N. Umaru Kogo, the book reviewer, invited dignitaries, partners, members of the organising committee, media organisations and volunteers whose contributions made the occasion possible.
He also congratulated the award recipients, describing their recognition not merely as an honour but as a reminder of the responsibility that comes with public recognition.
Addressing young Nigerians, the convener urged them to see themselves not merely as leaders of tomorrow but as important stakeholders in Nigeria today.
He said the future of the country’s democracy and national development would depend greatly on the knowledge, character, creativity, courage and commitment of young Nigerians.
Ishiaka urged participants to make the gathering more than a celebration, but a moment of reflection, dialogue and renewed commitment to the Nigeria they desire.




Reviewing the book, Dr. Isah Husein Adagiri, Lecturer, Department of Economics, FCT College of Education, Zuba, described Nigeria Democratic Journey as an important attempt to preserve Nigeria’s political and historical memory.
Adagiri said the 14-chapter book, divided into five parts, traces Nigeria’s journey from pre-colonial societies and indigenous governance through colonialism, the 1914 amalgamation, nationalism and independence, the First Republic, military rule, the Civil War, the Second Republic, the June 12 struggle and the emergence of the Fourth Republic.
He said the book also examines contemporary political developments, including the 2023 elections, youth mobilisation and social-media politics, while linking democracy to culture and national development.
The reviewer commended the author for documenting the contributions of ordinary Nigerians, including farmers, teachers, workers, traders, women and young people, rather than focusing exclusively on presidents and political office holders.
He, however, suggested areas for enrichment in a subsequent edition, including greater attention to the contributions of women such as Margaret Ekpo and Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, as well as electoral reforms involving technologies such as the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System and the INEC Result Viewing Portal.
Adagiri described the publication as a textbook, reference work and civic resource capable of helping students, researchers, journalists and young Nigerians better understand Nigeria’s democratic journey.
Also speaking, the Hakimi of Galadimawa District, HRH Musa Barde, endorsed the initiative, describing the gathering as a worthwhile effort to promote reflection on Nigeria’s democratic journey, national development and the values required to strengthen society.








The traditional ruler also emphasised the importance of recognising individuals whose contributions have made a positive impact in their communities and the country at large, noting that such recognition can encourage others to follow their example.
He encouraged those whose service deserves national recognition to remain committed to making meaningful contributions to society, stressing that initiatives of this nature can help inspire younger Nigerians while reinforcing the values of patriotism, responsible citizenship, peaceful coexistence and service to humanity.
By endorsing the event, HRH Musa Barde also underscored the role of traditional institutions in encouraging civic values, preserving collective memory and supporting initiatives that promote responsible citizenship and national cohesion.




